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An investigation of a super-Earth exoplanet with a greenhouse-gas atmosphere using a general circulation model

机译:用温室气体研究超地球系外行星   大气使用一般循环模型

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摘要

We use the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model(GCM) dynamical core, in conjunction with a Newtonian relaxation scheme thatrelaxes to a gray, analytical solution of the radiative transfer equation, tosimulate a tidally locked, synchronously orbiting super-Earth exoplanet. Thishypothetical exoplanet is simulated under the following main assumptions: (1)the size, mass, and orbital characteristics of GJ 1214b (Charbonneau et al.,2009), (2) a greenhouse-gas dominated atmosphere, (3), the gas properties ofwater vapor, and (4) a surface. We have performed a parameter sweep over globalmean surface pressure (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 bar) and global mean surface albedo(0.1, 0.4, and 0.7). Given assumption (1) above, the period of rotation of thisexoplanet is 1.58 Earth-days, which we classify as the rapidly rotating regime.Our parameter sweep differs from Heng and Vogt (2011), who performed theirstudy in the slowly rotating regime and using Held and Suarez (1994) thermalforcing. This type of thermal forcing is a prescribed function, not related toany radiative transfer, used to benchmark Earth's atmosphere. An equatorial,westerly, superrotating jet is a robust feature in our GCM results. Thisequatorial jet is westerly at all longitudes. At high latitudes, the flow iseasterly. The zonal winds do show a change with global mean surface pressure.As global mean surface pressure increases, the speed of the equatorial jetdecreases between 9 and 15 hours local time (substellar point is located at 12hours local time). The latitudinal extent of the equatorial jet increases onthe nightside. Furthermore, the zonal wind speed in the equatorial andmidlatitude jets decreases with increasing surface albedo. Also, thelatitudinal width of the equatorial jet decreases as surface albedo increases.
机译:我们将麻省理工学院的通用循环模型(GCM)动力核心与牛顿松弛方案结合使用,该方案依赖于辐射传输方程的灰色解析解,来模拟潮汐锁定,同步轨道的超地球系外行星。这个假想的系外行星是根据以下主要假设进行模拟的:(1)GJ 1214b的大小,质量和轨道特征(Charbonneau等,2009),(2)以温室气体为主导的大气,(3)气体性质水蒸气,以及(4)表面。我们对全局平均表面压力(0.1、1、10和100 bar)和全局平均表面反照率(0.1、0.4和0.7)进行了参数扫描。根据上述假设(1),该系外行星的自转周期为1.58地球日,我们将其归为快速自转状态。我们的参数扫描不同于Heng和Vogt(2011),他们在缓慢自转状态下进行研究并使用Held和Suarez(1994)热强迫。这种类型的热强迫是规定的功能,与任何辐射传递无关,用于基准地球大气层。赤道,西偏,超旋转射流是我们GCM结果中的一个强大功能。赤道射流在所有经度处都是西风。在高纬度地区,流量是相反的。纬向风确实随全球平均地表压力发生变化。随着全球平均地表压力的增加,赤道急流的速度在当地时间9到15小时之间降低(亚星点位于当地时间12小时)。赤道射流的纬度范围在夜间增加。此外,赤道和中纬度急流中的纬向风速随着地表反照率的增加而降低。同样,赤道射流的横向宽度随着表面反照率的增加而减小。

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